Badamchian, M.; Naylor, P.H.; Spangelo, B.; Strickler, M.P.; Stone, M.J.; Hagiwara, Y.; Hagiwara, H.; and Goldstein, A.L. 1991. "Immune-endocrine Activities of Green Barley Leaf Extract (BLE): Regulation of Prolactin and Interleukin-2 Release in Vitro." FASEB Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4.

Badamchian, M.; Spangelo, B.; Bao, Y.; Hagiwara, Y.; Hagiwara, H.; Ueyama, H.; and Goldstein, A. 1994. "Isolation of a Vitamin E Analog From a Green Barley Leaf Extract That Stimulates Release of Prolactin and Growth Hormone From Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells in Vitro." The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Vol. 5, March, 1994.

Hotta, Y. 1984. "Stimulation of DNA Repair-synthesis by P4-D I, One of the Novel Components of Barley Extracts." Lecture given in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Kitta, K.; Hagiwara, Y.; and Shibamoto, T. 1992. "Antioxidative Activity of an Isoflavonoid, 2"-O-Glycosylisovitexin Isolated From Green Barley Leaves." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 10.

S. Nakajima, Y. Hagiwara, H. Hagiwara, and T. Shibamoto. Effect of the Antioxidant 2"-O-Glycosylisovitexin from young green barley leaves on acetaldehyde formation in beer stored at 50 °C for 90 days. 1998, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 46 (4), 1529-1531.

Durham, J., Ogata, J., Nakajima, S., Hagiwara, Y., and Shibamoto, T. Degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous extracts of young green barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L). 1999, J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture.

Kubota, K., and Sunagane, N. 1984. "Studies on the Effects of Green Barley Juice on the Endurance and Motor Activity in Mice." Paper presented at The 104th Annual Congress of The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan in Sendai City, Japan.

Kubota, K.; and Matsuoka, Y. 1984. "Effect of Chronic Administration of Green Barley Juice on Growth Rate, Serum Cholesterol Level, and Internal Organs of Mice." Paper presented at The 104th Annual Congress of The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Sendai City, Japan.

Kubota, K.; Matsuoka, Y.; and Seki, H. 1983. "Isolation of Potent Anti-Inflammatory Protein From Barley Leaves." The Japanese journal of Inflammation, Vol. 3, No. 4.

Moussazadeh, M.; Badamchian, M.; Hagiwara, Y.; Hagiwara, H.; and Goldstein, A. "Effect of Green Barley Leaf Extract (BLE) on Human Platelets in Vitro." Presentation at the 1992 FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology), Anaheim, CA.

Muto, Tatsuo. 1977. "Therapeutic Experiment of Bakuryokuso(Young Green Barley Juice) for the Treatment of Skin Diseases in Man. " New Drugs and Clinical Application, Vol. 26, No. 5.

Nishiyama, Tadashi. "Study of Young Barley Leaf Extract: The Antioxidant Compound and Its Effect, July 1991 -June 1993." Unpublished study.

Nishiyama, T.; Hagiwara, Y.; Hagiwara, H.; and Shibamoto, T. 1993. "Inhibition of Malonaldehyde Formation from Lipids by an Isoflavonoid Isolated From Young Green Barley Leaves." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol. 70, No. 8.

Ohtake, H.; Nonaka, S.; Sawada, Y.; Hagiwara, Y.; Hagiwara, H.; and Kubota, K. 1985. "Studies on the Constituents of Green Juice From Young Barley Leaves (Effect on Dietarily Induced Hypercholesterolernia in Rats)." Journal of The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Vol. 105, No. 11.

Ohtake, H.; Yuasa, H.; Komura, C.; Miyauchi, T.; Hagiwara, Y.; and Kubota, K. 1985. "Studies on the Constituents of Green Juice From Young Barley Leaves (Anti-Ulcer Activity of Fractions From Barley Juice)." Journal of The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Vol. 105, No. 11.

Osawa, T.; Katsuzaki, H.; Hagiwara, Y.; Hagiwara, H.; and Shibamoto, T. 1992. "A Novel Antioxidant Isolated From Young Green Barley Leaves." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 7. : 1135-1138

Shibamoto, T.; Hagiwara, Y.; Hagiwara, H.; and Osawa, 11994. "A Flavonoid With Strong Antioxidative Activity Isolated From Young Green Barley Leaves." Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention IL Edited by Chi-Tang Ho, Toshihiko Osawa, Mou-Tuan Huany, and Robert T. Rosen. Washington, D.C: ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Association.

Wagner, Eugene S. and Raman Mocharla. 1991. "Immune System Components Altered by a Food Supplement." Paper presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science February 16, 1991; Washington D.C. Those given the barley leaf extract exhibited a statistically significant increase in the percentage of their leukocytes that were neutrophils and in circulating complement levels as well as statistically significant decreases in percent lymphocytes and monocytes.

Yokono, 0. "Therapeutic Effect of Water-Soluble Form of Chlorophyll-A and the Related Substance the Young Green Barley juice in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis." Published privately.

Gromley, James J. "Green leaves of barley ease arthritis for some" Better Nutrition for Today's Living , Sep95, Vol. 57 Issue 9, p42, 1p, 1c Reports on the beneficial effects of barley juice for arthritis sufferers. Harmful effects of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs traditionally prescribed by doctors; Ancient origin of barley; Nutritional value of barley juice; Other medical conditions that can be treated with barley juice; Barley-producing states.

Murray, Frank " Unless you balance acidity, your muscles may become tense." Better Nutrition, Mar96, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p26, 1p, 1c Discusses the flexibility of muscles in terms of balancing acidity. How acidity is measured; Connection to exercise; Inhibitors of exercise; Explanations from Michael Colgan, Ph.D.; Benefits of barley juice.

"Green barley grass may help arthritics." Better Nutrition for Today's Living, Jul95, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p32, 1p, 1c

Reports that physicians have recommended green barley juice supplements as part of arthritis therapy. Response of patients to the barley treatments; Elimination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Yu YM; Wu CH; Tseng YH; Tsai CE; Chang WC "Antioxidative and hypolipidemic effects of barley leaf essence in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis." Japanese journal of pharmacology 2002 Jun; Vol. 89 (2), pp. 142-8. The results suggest that the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of barley leaf essence could be useful in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in which atherosclerosis is important.

Yu YM; Chang WC; Chang CT; Hsieh CL; Tsai CE "Effects of young barley leaf extract and antioxidative vitamins on LDL oxidation and free radical scavenging activities in type 2 diabetes. " Diabetes & metabolism [Diabetes Metab] 2002 Apr; 28 (2), pp. 107-14. Results indicate that supplementation with BL may help to scavenge oxygen free radicals, save the LDL-vitamin E content, and inhibit LDL oxidation. Furthermore, the addition of vitamins C and E to BL can inhibit the Sd-LDL oxidation more effectively, which may protect against vascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.

Janis J Durham, Joji Ogata, Sadatoshi Nakajima, Yoshihide Hagiwara, Takayuki Shibamoto; "Degradation of organophosphorus pesticides (malathion, chlorpyrifos, guthion, diazinon, methidathion and parathion) in aqueous extracts of young green barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L)"; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Volume 79, Issue 10, 1999, pages 1311-1314. An abstract is available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/62003336/START